Do you have expenses relating to your job? If so, you may be able to deduct them on your Form 104, Schedule A, Itemized Deductions, when you file your taxes. These deductions are taken as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, and are subject to adjusted gross income limitations.

Traveling expenses are generally non-deductible, however some transportation costs may be able to be claimed as a deduction if related to work. Local transportation expenses that are typically deductible are those that originate from the home location of work to another job site. If your office is your primary place of business, you can deduct travel expenses incurred when you travel from your home office to another business location. If you travel outside the community where you normally work, travel expenses between the resident and the short-term employment location are possibly deductible. If you frequent different work locations, your travel costs may also be deductible.

If you accrue expenses due to business entertainment or gifts from the company, the deduction may be limited. You should always keep an accurate record of the expenses to serve as proof of the deduction, for example receipts for purchases, etc.

Some employers offer reimbursement for different employee expenses. In these circumstances, the amount shouldn’t be added to your income on your Form W-2, and therefore can’t be deducted. (more…)

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Interested in Interest?

February 6, 2016

Borrowing money leads to compounded interest charges. Interest is a fee added to the money you borrowed, and is generally charged for the length of repayment. In some cases, interest can either be deducted or claimed as a credit, however it has to meet certain qualifications.

Prepaid interest has to be deducted throughout the tax year in which the interest applies, as it is only eligible to be deducted during that specific year. If you paid in points for your primary residence, you may be able to claim an exemption.

Investment interest (limited to your net investment income) and qualified mortgage interest (including points) if you are the buyer should be itemized and claimed on Form 1040, Schedule A when you file your return.

Interest from rent or royalties, farm interest, and business interest not related to the farming industry are also deductible. Student loan interest is claimed as an adjustment to income on your tax return.

Personal interest, such as the following, is not deductible:

  • Personal car loan interest
  • Credit card interest
  • Points for sellers, investigation fees or service charges
  • Interest related to tax exempt income

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Do you use your own car for business purposes? If so, you may be able to deduct the costs associated with driving for the business portion, up to certain limits. If you use your car for personal reasons as well, only the business portion of costs is deductible.

You can calculate the deduction using one of two methods: standard deduction, a predetermined amount, or the actual expense method, where you figure out the exact cost of your expenses. If you meet the requirements for both methods, your best option is to use whichever one gives you the largest deduction.

The standard mileage rate includes parking fees and tolls, two common expenses incurred during business use. If you want to use the standard deduction, you must meet seven requirements:

  1. You either own or lease the vehicle
  2. You drive less than five vehicles at once, and aren’t considered a fleet operation
  3. A Section 179 deduction hasn’t been claimed on the vehicle
  4. You didn’t claim depreciation on the car, unless you used a straight line method
  5. No other special depreciation allowances were claimed on the car
  6. You didn’t claim any actual expenses after 1997 for a car you leased
  7. You are not employed as a rural mail carrier that is subject to qualified reimbursements

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Sometimes, in order to get a mortgage for a home, you may have to pay fees or other costs, known as mortgage points. In general, points are a type of interest that you’ve prepaid, and they may be deductible at tax time should you opt to itemize. If you qualify to deduct all of your mortgage interest, you’ll likely be eligible to deduct mortgage points, too. However, if your home equity debt is greater than $100,000 or home acquisition debt is over $1 million, neither interest nor points are deductible.

Points are deducted within the year that they were paid, as long as:

  • The loan is secured by your primary home
  • Paying in points is an ordinary practice in your area
  • Your points payment was less than or equal to the average charged for your area
  • You report payment and deduct points during the same tax year
  • Points were not used for inspections, property taxes, legal fees, or titles
  • The funds to pay the points weren’t borrowed from a lender, and money paid at closing is the amount charged in points
  • You purchase or build a main home with your mortgage
  • Points are a percentage of your principal
  • The points are listed correctly and clearly on your statements

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Traveling for Deductions

February 3, 2016

Some businesses require employees to travel in order to perform their job effectively. Travel expenses can be deducted, provided they are both ordinary and necessary to the job, through Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses, or Form 2106-EZ Unreimbursed Employee Business Expenses, and Form 1040, Schedule A, Itemized Deductions. Travel expenses incurred for personal reasons or that are uncommon to your industry are not eligible for deduction.

Traveling is defined as being away from your home location of business for more than a typical day’s worth of work, in which you will require rest before performing your job duties professionally again.

Your tax home is the basis for determining when you are traveling. The entire city or area in which you perform a majority of your tasks is considered you tax home, and it is not depending on where your residence is located. For example, you live in Philadelphia with your family, but you work in the Poconos. When you travel between the two places, it is not considered for business purposes, and is instead listed as personal. Therefore you cannot deduct those expenses. However, if you work in the Poconos and must travel to Boston for business, expenses are then deductible, regardless of whether you live in the Poconos or not.

If you work in multiple places, your tax home is defined as the place where most of your business is performed, or where administrative activities are carried out. (more…)

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Different non-business related taxes can be deductible at tax time. There are four different types of state or local taxes that are eligible for federal deduction:

  • Income taxes (including foreign)
  • Real estate taxes (including foreign)
  • Personal property taxes
  • General sales taxes

You can claim these taxes that you paid during the year on a Schedule A, as an itemized deduction.

Once you receive your Form W-2 from your employer, you can determine the amount you paid in state and local taxes. You have the option of deducting either income tax or sales tax, but you are only able to choose one. To deduct sales tax, you can use either the actual expenses, or use a standard sales tax amount based on different tax tables. Additionally, you can deduct estimated taxes you paid to state or local governments, as well as the amount of a previous year’s taxes that you paid during the current tax year.

Taxes paid to a foreign country or U.S. possession are eligible to either be deducted or claimed through a credit. Any kind of money paid to a mandatory employee benefit fund that aids in times of need may be eligible for deduction. (more…)

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Medical expenses can be quite costly, and take a lot of money out of your hands. Instead of deducting your hard earned cash from your wallet, consider taking a deduction of your unreimbursed medical expenses at tax time.

Beginning January 1, 2013, you are able to deduct your total medical expenses paid for you, your partner, and eligible dependents that exceeds 10% of your adjusted gross income. If you or your partner are age 65 or older, the limit is decreased to 7.5%, and remains in effect until December 31, 2016.

To determine your deduction, you’ll have to itemize your expenses and report them on a Schedule A of your Form 1040. Some deductible medical expenses include:

  • Fees paid to a doctor, dentist, surgeon, chiropractor, psychiatrist, psychologist and nontraditional medical practitioners.
  • Costs for in-patient care, including nursing home services, meals, and lodging in a health care facility.
  • Acupuncture, rehab treatment, or smoking cessation program, as long as the treatment is prescribed by a doctor.
  • Weight-loss treatment to help with a specific disease or medical condition, excluding the cost of special diet foods and health club memberships
  • Insulin and prescription drug costs
  • Prosthetic teeth, eyeglasses, contacts, hearing aids, wheelchairs, guide dogs, crutches or other medical supply
  • Conference costs and transportation relating to a chronic disease from which you suffer, although meals and lodging at the conference are non-deductible
  • Transportation costs to and from a hospital or other medical facility, subject to the standard regulations for travel expenses, including mileage rates
  • Insurance premiums that cover medical care or long-term care. Employees shouldn’t deduct premiums paid to an employer sponsored plan unless the premiums are listed on your W-2 in Box 1.

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Education expenses can add up quickly, and any kind of financial relief can really make a difference. You may be able to deduct certain education expenses at tax time. If you pay tuition for yourself, a spouse, or another dependent, you may qualify to deduct a portion of the expenses. However, it may be more worthwhile to look at using a credit for tuition and fees instead of directly deducting them. You should first check out eligibility for:

  • The American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC)
  • Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC)
  • Deducting the expense as an itemized business expense

If you want to deduct tuition and fees, you don’t have to itemize expenses. Instead, you can just adjust your income on your Form 1040. If you are married, you have to file jointly in order to claim education expenses, and you can’t be listed as a dependent on another taxpayers return.

Taxpayers are subject to certain limitations related to their modified adjusted gross income. Those with a MAGI that exceeds the limit will receive a reduction or even a complete elimination of the education expense deduction depending on which status is used to file. You can’t claim a deduction along with one of the educational credits for the same student in one tax year. Although, you may be able to combine your tuition and fees with eligible business expenses. These expenses can’t be claimed more than once.

You can’t claim a deduction if your tuition or other expenses were paid through a grant, scholarship, fellowship, or other eligible savings plan. You also can’t deduct expenses you paid using distributions from an educational tuition plan, though you can claim the portion that is equal to the contribution you made.

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If you happen to entertain your customers, employee or any others in your business you may be able to deduction expenses that are deemed ordinary and necessary for doing business. Expenses such as these may be deducted if they are related or associated with your business directly.

Proof of the expense must be provided and have information such as the cost, date and location of the entertainment. The relationship of those entertained may also be required to be furnished. Typical cases allow only for a deduction of 50% of meal and entertainment costs.

If you are an employee subject to reimbursement for entertainment expenses, any reimbursement through an accountable plan should not appear on your W-2 as income. If you were not reimbursed or were reimbursed through a non-accountable plan you can deduct expenses through Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses, or Form 2106, Unreimbursed Employee Business Expense. Deductions such as these will appear on your tax return as itemized and are usually subject to a limit of 2% of your adjusted gross income.

If you are self-employed you may take deductions by using Form 1040, Schedule C, Profit or Loss from Business or Form 1040, Schedule C-EZ, Net Profit Form Business. If you are a farmer you will use Form 1040, Schedule F, Profit or Loss from Farming to deduct these expenses.

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Anything you own, whether it’s something you use for personal reasons or an investment purpose, is considered a capital asset. Things like your home, furniture, and vehicle, as well as stocks and bonds are all examples of the types of capital assets many people own.

If you chose to sell one of these assets, the result will either be a capital gain or a capital loss, depending on the base cost of the asset and what you sold it for. Selling for a greater amount than you paid for the asset will result in a capital gain, while a capital loss occurs when the sale price is lower. Any loss from the sale of personal use property (a home or vehicle) isn’t eligible for deduction at tax time.

Capital losses and gains are considered either long-term or short-term depending on how long you held the asset in your possession. Anything less than a year is typically a short-term capital loss, while longer times are long-term. The day you acquired the asset from the day you sold it or got rid of it is the period of possession.

You have to report any transactions on capital assets at tax time using Form 8949, Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets. Any capital gains or deductions of losses can be done on a Schedule D or Form 1040. Generally, the taxation rate is 15% or less for net capital gains, determined by your tax bracket. Some net gains are taxed at 20% depending on the income threshold of the asset holder in relation to an ordinary tax rate of 39.6%. (more…)

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